{ "pfeffer": { "nm": "Schwarzer Pfeffer", "ic": "🧂", "producers": { "vietnam": { "t": 220000, "share": "~36 %" }, "brasilien": { "t": 95000, "share": "~16 %" }, "indonesien": { "t": 74000, "share": "~12 %" }, "indien": { "t": 62000, "share": "~10 %" }, "srilanka": { "t": 26000, "share": "~4 %" }, "malaysia": { "t": 18000 }, "kambodscha": { "t": 18000 }, "china": { "t": 12000, "market": "local" }, "kamerun": { "t": 3000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "thailand", "philippinen", "madagaskar", "kolumbien", "mexiko" ], "fact": "Pfeffer war im Mittelalter so wertvoll, dass man ihn „schwarzes Gold\" nannte und damit sogar bezahlte." }, "kakao": { "nm": "Kakao", "ic": "🍫", "producers": { "elfenbein": { "t": 2200000, "share": "~40 %" }, "ghana": { "t": 680000, "share": "~13 %" }, "indonesien": { "t": 650000, "share": "~12 %" }, "ecuador": { "t": 400000, "share": "~7 %" }, "kamerun": { "t": 300000 }, "nigeria": { "t": 280000 }, "brasilien": { "t": 220000 }, "peru": { "t": 150000 }, "dominikanisch": { "t": 75000 }, "kolumbien": { "t": 65000, "market": "world-far" }, "venezuela": { "t": 25000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kuba", "panama", "costarica", "madagaskar", "philippinen", "malaysia", "uganda", "tansania" ], "fact": "Aus einer Kakaofrucht kommen ~30–40 Bohnen; für 100 g Schokolade braucht man rund 100 Bohnen." }, "vanille": { "nm": "Vanille", "ic": "🌼", "producers": { "madagaskar": { "t": 3200, "share": "~45 %" }, "indonesien": { "t": 2400, "share": "~33 %" }, "mexiko": { "t": 650, "market": "local" }, "uganda": { "t": 220 } }, "climate_possible": [ "philippinen", "tansania", "kenia", "srilanka", "kolumbien", "costarica", "brasilien" ], "fact": "Die Vanille-Orchidee blüht nur einen einzigen Tag im Jahr — darum ist echte Vanille so selten." }, "kurkuma": { "nm": "Kurkuma", "ic": "🟡", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 1100000, "share": "~78 %" }, "bangladesch": { "t": 50000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 45000, "market": "local" }, "myanmar": { "t": 30000, "market": "local" }, "nigeria": { "t": 30000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 25000, "market": "local" }, "thailand": { "t": 12000, "market": "world-far" }, "indonesien": { "t": 10000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "philippinen", "srilanka", "madagaskar", "kambodscha", "kolumbien", "peru" ], "fact": "Kurkuma färbt so stark, dass es auch als natürlicher Lebensmittelfarbstoff (E100) genutzt wird." }, "ingwer": { "nm": "Ingwer", "ic": "🫚", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 2300000, "share": "~43 %" }, "nigeria": { "t": 690000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 580000 }, "nepal": { "t": 290000, "market": "local" }, "indonesien": { "t": 200000, "market": "world-far" }, "thailand": { "t": 160000, "market": "world-far" }, "kamerun": { "t": 55000, "market": "world-far" }, "bangladesch": { "t": 80000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "philippinen", "srilanka", "malaysia", "kambodscha", "brasilien", "peru", "kolumbien", "mexiko", "guatemala", "tansania" ], "fact": "Ingwer wird seit über 3000 Jahren als Gewürz und Heilmittel verwendet." }, "zimt": { "nm": "Zimt", "ic": "🪵", "producers": { "indonesien": { "t": 90000, "share": "~40 %" }, "china": { "t": 85000, "share": "~37 %" }, "vietnam": { "t": 41000 }, "srilanka": { "t": 25000, "note": "Heimat des echten Ceylon-Zimts" }, "madagaskar": { "t": 3000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "indien", "thailand", "philippinen", "malaysia", "kambodscha", "tansania", "kolumbien" ], "fact": "Zimt ist die getrocknete, gerollte Rinde eines Baumes — die typischen „Stangen\" sind eingerollte Rindenstücke." }, "kardamom": { "nm": "Kardamom", "ic": "🫛", "producers": { "guatemala": { "t": 41000, "share": "~62 %" }, "indien": { "t": 22000, "share": "~33 %", "market": "local" }, "nepal": { "t": 6000, "market": "local" }, "srilanka": { "t": 500 } }, "climate_possible": [ "indonesien", "malaysia", "vietnam", "kambodscha", "thailand", "tansania", "uganda", "mexiko", "kolumbien", "peru" ], "fact": "Kardamom kam erst um 1900 nach Guatemala — heute exportiert das Land mehr davon als die Ursprungsregion Indien." }, "sesam": { "nm": "Sesam", "ic": "⚪", "producers": { "sudan": { "t": 760000, "share": "~17 %" }, "myanmar": { "t": 720000, "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 690000 }, "tansania": { "t": 680000 }, "nigeria": { "t": 480000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 460000, "market": "local" }, "aethiopien": { "t": 280000 }, "pakistan": { "t": 180000, "market": "local" }, "uganda": { "t": 90000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "mexiko", "guatemala", "brasilien", "paraguay", "thailand", "vietnam", "kambodscha", "philippinen", "aegypten" ], "fact": "Aus Sesam wird die Paste Tahini gemacht — Grundzutat von Hummus." }, "chili": { "nm": "Chili", "ic": "🌶️", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 2000000, "share": "~40 % (trockener Chili)" }, "china": { "t": 300000, "market": "local" }, "peru": { "t": 170000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 150000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 80000 }, "thailand": { "t": 60000 }, "pakistan": { "t": 40000, "market": "local" }, "aethiopien": { "t": 30000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "indonesien", "philippinen", "malaysia", "vietnam", "brasilien", "kolumbien", "tuerkei", "griechenland", "italien" ], "fact": "Die Schärfe kommt vom Stoff Capsaicin; gemessen wird sie in Scoville-Einheiten." }, "kumin": { "nm": "Kreuzkümmel (Cumin)", "ic": "🌿", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 580000, "share": "~70 %" }, "iran": { "t": 60000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 20000 }, "syrien": { "t": 12000, "market": "world-far" }, "china": { "t": 8000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "aegypten", "marokko", "tunesien", "algerien", "spanien", "pakistan", "mexiko" ], "fact": "Vorsicht: Kreuzkümmel wird oft mit Kümmel verwechselt — schmeckt aber ganz anders." }, "koriander": { "nm": "Koriander (Samen)", "ic": "🌿", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 320000, "share": "~45 %" }, "russland": { "t": 80000 }, "marokko": { "t": 45000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 30000, "market": "local" }, "ukraine": { "t": 28000 }, "bulgarien": { "t": 15000 }, "aegypten": { "t": 10000 }, "iran": { "t": 8000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tuerkei", "syrien", "spanien", "italien", "rumaenien", "ungarn", "pakistan", "china" ], "fact": "Korianderblätter (frisch) und -samen (getrocknet) schmecken komplett unterschiedlich — viele Leute mögen das eine und hassen das andere." }, "safran": { "nm": "Safran", "ic": "🌸", "producers": { "iran": { "t": 430, "share": "~90 %" }, "spanien": { "t": 5 }, "griechenland": { "t": 6 }, "marokko": { "t": 4, "market": "world-far" }, "indien": { "t": 3, "note": "Kashmir-Region", "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 1, "note": "Toskana, Abruzzen — winzige Mengen", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tuerkei", "syrien", "aegypten", "frankreich", "portugal" ], "fact": "Safran ist das teuerste Gewürz der Welt — für 1 kg Safran braucht man ~150.000 Krokusblüten, alles per Hand gepflückt." }, "muskat": { "nm": "Muskat", "ic": "🌰", "producers": { "indonesien": { "t": 25000, "share": "~70 %" }, "guatemala": { "t": 8000 }, "indien": { "t": 6000, "market": "local" }, "srilanka": { "t": 3000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "philippinen", "malaysia", "madagaskar", "kamerun", "tansania" ], "fact": "Muskat war im 17. Jahrhundert so wertvoll, dass die Niederländer und Engländer einen Krieg um die Muskat-Inseln (Banda-Inseln) führten." }, "nelken": { "nm": "Gewürznelken", "ic": "🌾", "producers": { "indonesien": { "t": 130000, "share": "~75 %" }, "madagaskar": { "t": 23000 }, "tansania": { "t": 8000, "note": "Sansibar — historisch das „Gewürz-Zentrum\" der Welt" }, "indien": { "t": 1000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "srilanka", "malaysia", "philippinen", "kamerun", "brasilien" ], "fact": "Bei Heinrich VIII galt Gewürznelken-Atem als so unangenehm, dass am englischen Hof aromatisierte Münzen kursierten." }, "paprika": { "nm": "Paprika-Pulver", "ic": "🟥", "producers": { "china": { "t": 18000000, "note": "frische Paprika (Welt-Nr. 1)", "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 3300000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 2500000 }, "indonesien": { "t": 1300000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 1100000 }, "ungarn": { "t": 140000, "note": "Klassisches Paprika-Pulver (Edelsüß, Rosenscharf)", "market": "eu" }, "peru": { "t": 120000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 650000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "serbien", "bulgarien", "griechenland", "italien", "rumaenien", "argentinien", "chile", "marokko" ], "fact": "Der ungarische Paprika kam erst über die Türken im 16. Jahrhundert nach Mitteleuropa — vorher kannten wir nur Pfeffer." }, "kuemmel": { "nm": "Kümmel", "ic": "🌿", "producers": { "finnland": { "t": 28000, "share": "~weltweit Nr. 1" }, "niederlande": { "t": 15000, "market": "eu" }, "kanada": { "t": 6000 }, "aegypten": { "t": 5000, "market": "world-far" }, "deutschland": { "t": 4000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 3000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 500, "note": "Mühlviertler Kümmel ist regional bedeutsam", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tschechien", "ungarn", "rumaenien", "frankreich", "ukraine" ], "fact": "Kümmel ist eine alte heimische Pflanze in Mitteleuropa — passt in Brot, Sauerkraut und Käse." }, "majoran": { "nm": "Majoran", "ic": "🌿", "producers": { "aegypten": { "t": 12000, "share": "Weltweit Nr. 1" }, "frankreich": { "t": 2500, "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 1500 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 1000 }, "deutschland": { "t": 800, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 200, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "italien", "spanien", "portugal", "marokko", "mexiko" ], "fact": "Majoran gehört zu den klassischen DACH-Würzkräutern für Sterz, Knödel und Bratwurst." }, "kraeuter": { "nm": "Mediterrane Kräuter", "ic": "🌿", "producers": { "marokko": { "t": 15000, "share": "~Welt-Nr.1 für Rosmarin + Thymian-Export" }, "frankreich": { "t": 35000, "note": "Provence — Lavendel + Kräuter de Provence", "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 32000, "note": "Süditalien — Oregano, Basilikum", "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 18000, "note": "Wild gesammelter Bergoregano" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 12000 }, "spanien": { "t": 11000 }, "portugal": { "t": 4000 }, "kroatien": { "t": 3000, "note": "Adria-Inseln — wilder Salbei + Lavendel", "market": "eu" }, "aegypten": { "t": 8000, "note": "Großer Basilikum- und Petersilien-Exporteur für EU" }, "tunesien": { "t": 6000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "algerien", "syrien", "israel", "argentinien", "chile", "suedafrika", "australien" ], "fact": "Die „Kräuter der Provence\" sind eigentlich eine moderne Marketing-Erfindung der 1970er — historisch gab es so eine Mischung gar nicht." }, "banane": { "nm": "Banane", "ic": "🍌", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 33000000, "share": "~26 % — größtenteils Eigenkonsum", "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 12000000, "market": "local" }, "indonesien": { "t": 10000000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 6800000, "market": "local" }, "ecuador": { "t": 6200000, "note": "Größter Export-Exporteur (~25 % Welthandel)" }, "philippinen": { "t": 5800000, "market": "world-far" }, "guatemala": { "t": 4400000 }, "kolumbien": { "t": 3700000 }, "costarica": { "t": 2400000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 2300000, "market": "asia-only" }, "honduras": { "t": 1100000 }, "panama": { "t": 590000 }, "dominikanisch": { "t": 430000 }, "uganda": { "t": 500000, "note": "Pro-Kopf-Verzehr Nr. 1 weltweit", "market": "local" }, "kamerun": { "t": 320000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "thailand", "malaysia", "tansania", "kenia", "madagaskar", "srilanka", "peru", "venezuela" ], "fact": "Bananen werden grün geerntet und reifen auf dem langen Schiffsweg nach Europa nach." }, "avocado": { "nm": "Avocado", "ic": "🥑", "producers": { "mexiko": { "t": 2500000, "share": "~31 %", "market": "us-only" }, "kolumbien": { "t": 1100000 }, "peru": { "t": 800000 }, "indonesien": { "t": 620000, "market": "local" }, "dominikanisch": { "t": 600000, "market": "world-far" }, "kenia": { "t": 410000 }, "brasilien": { "t": 300000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 240000, "note": "Kalifornien", "market": "local" }, "chile": { "t": 170000, "market": "off-season" }, "israel": { "t": 130000 }, "suedafrika": { "t": 120000 }, "spanien": { "t": 100000, "note": "Andalusien — größter EU-Produzent" } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "philippinen", "thailand", "guatemala", "venezuela", "ecuador", "marokko", "tansania" ], "fact": "Avocadobäume brauchen sehr viel Wasser — in trockenen Anbaugebieten wie Mexiko-Michoacán wird das zum Umweltproblem." }, "limette": { "nm": "Limette", "ic": "🟢", "producers": { "mexiko": { "t": 3000000, "share": "~16 %", "note": "Größter Welt-Exporteur" }, "indien": { "t": 3700000, "share": "~17 %", "note": "Vor allem Eigenkonsum", "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 1700000, "market": "off-season" }, "brasilien": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 1100000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 1100000 }, "iran": { "t": 800000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 730000, "market": "us-only" }, "aegypten": { "t": 400000, "market": "local" }, "peru": { "t": 270000, "market": "global" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kolumbien", "venezuela", "guatemala", "dominikanisch", "philippinen", "thailand", "vietnam", "griechenland", "italien" ], "fact": "Limettensaft hält angeschnittene Avocado grün — die Säure bremst das Braunwerden." }, "orange": { "nm": "Orange / Orangensaft", "ic": "🍊", "producers": { "brasilien": { "t": 17000000, "share": "~22 %", "note": "Größter Saft-Exporteur weltweit" }, "china": { "t": 11000000, "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 10000000, "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 4900000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 3600000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent (Valencia)" }, "aegypten": { "t": 3400000 }, "usa": { "t": 2900000, "note": "Florida + Kalifornien", "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 1900000 }, "italien": { "t": 1300000, "note": "Sizilien", "market": "eu" }, "iran": { "t": 1400000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "griechenland": { "t": 900000 }, "suedafrika": { "t": 1700000, "market": "off-season" }, "argentinien": { "t": 900000, "market": "off-season" }, "marokko": { "t": 900000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "kroatien", "chile", "algerien", "tunesien", "kuba", "dominikanisch", "australien" ], "fact": "Fast die Hälfte aller Orangen wird zu Saft verarbeitet; Brasilien ist der größte Saft-Exporteur." }, "zitrone": { "nm": "Zitrone", "ic": "🍋", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 3800000, "share": "~17 %", "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 3000000, "note": "inkl. Limetten", "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 3000000, "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 1700000, "market": "off-season" }, "brasilien": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 1100000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 1100000 }, "iran": { "t": 800000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 730000, "market": "us-only" }, "italien": { "t": 370000, "note": "Amalfi, Sizilien", "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 130000 }, "aegypten": { "t": 400000 }, "marokko": { "t": 120000 }, "suedafrika": { "t": 330000, "market": "off-season" } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "kroatien", "chile", "peru", "kolumbien", "tunesien", "algerien", "australien", "israel" ], "fact": "Vitamin-C-Mangel (Skorbut) plagte Seeleute jahrhundertelang. Captain Cook nahm Zitronen mit — Skorbut verschwand." }, "kokos": { "nm": "Kokosnuss / Kokosmilch", "ic": "🥥", "producers": { "indonesien": { "t": 17000000, "share": "~30 %" }, "philippinen": { "t": 14000000 }, "indien": { "t": 14000000, "market": "local" }, "srilanka": { "t": 2500000 }, "brasilien": { "t": 2300000, "market": "local" }, "vietnam": { "t": 1900000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 1300000, "market": "local" }, "thailand": { "t": 850000 }, "malaysia": { "t": 500000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "madagaskar", "tansania", "kenia", "kolumbien", "venezuela", "ecuador", "kuba", "dominikanisch", "panama", "costarica" ], "fact": "Eine Kokospalme trägt bis zu 100 Nüsse pro Jahr — über viele Jahrzehnte hinweg." }, "tamarinde": { "nm": "Tamarinde", "ic": "🟤", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 250000, "share": "~Welt-Nr. 1" }, "thailand": { "t": 100000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 35000, "market": "local" }, "malaysia": { "t": 8000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "philippinen", "srilanka", "bangladesch", "myanmar", "kambodscha", "nigeria", "kamerun", "tansania", "brasilien" ], "fact": "Tamarinde ist eine süß-saure Hülsenfrucht — Grundzutat für Worcestershire-Sauce und Pad Thai." }, "kaffee": { "nm": "Kaffee", "ic": "☕", "producers": { "brasilien": { "t": 3500000, "share": "~38 %" }, "vietnam": { "t": 1900000, "share": "~17 %" }, "kolumbien": { "t": 860000 }, "indonesien": { "t": 770000 }, "aethiopien": { "t": 500000, "note": "Heimat des Kaffees (Wildform)" }, "honduras": { "t": 450000 }, "indien": { "t": 370000 }, "uganda": { "t": 300000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 280000 }, "peru": { "t": 250000 }, "guatemala": { "t": 240000 }, "kenia": { "t": 50000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "venezuela", "ecuador", "costarica", "panama", "kuba", "dominikanisch", "kamerun", "tansania", "philippinen" ], "fact": "Kaffee ist nach Erdöl eine der meistgehandelten Rohstoff-Waren der Welt." }, "wein": { "nm": "Wein (Reben)", "ic": "🍷", "producers": { "italien": { "t": 4900000, "note": "in Hektoliter umgerechnet, oft Welt-Nr. 1", "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 4500000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 3500000 }, "usa": { "t": 2400000 }, "australien": { "t": 1300000 }, "chile": { "t": 1200000 }, "argentinien": { "t": 1200000 }, "suedafrika": { "t": 960000 }, "china": { "t": 450000, "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 870000, "market": "eu" }, "portugal": { "t": 680000 }, "oesterreich": { "t": 250000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 450000 }, "ungarn": { "t": 240000, "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 200000 }, "neuseeland": { "t": 390000 }, "kroatien": { "t": 75000, "market": "eu" }, "slowakei": { "t": 25000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tschechien", "tuerkei", "marokko", "algerien", "tunesien", "israel" ], "fact": "Wein wird seit ca. 8000 Jahren angebaut — die ältesten Reste stammen aus Georgien." }, "reis": { "nm": "Reis", "ic": "🍚", "producers": { "china": { "t": 210000000, "share": "~28 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 178000000, "share": "~24 %" }, "indonesien": { "t": 54000000, "market": "local" }, "bangladesch": { "t": 56000000, "market": "local" }, "vietnam": { "t": 43000000, "market": "local" }, "thailand": { "t": 32000000, "note": "Größter Reis-Exporteur" }, "myanmar": { "t": 25000000, "market": "local" }, "philippinen": { "t": 19000000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 11000000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 10000000, "market": "local" }, "kambodscha": { "t": 11000000, "market": "local" }, "japan": { "t": 7500000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 7000000, "note": "Arkansas + Louisiana" }, "aegypten": { "t": 6500000, "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 1400000, "note": "Po-Ebene, größter EU-Reis-Anbau", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 600000, "note": "Valencia (Paella-Reis)" }, "iran": { "t": 3000000, "market": "local" }, "nigeria": { "t": 8000000, "market": "local" }, "suedkorea": { "t": 4000000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "malaysia", "srilanka", "nepal", "tansania", "madagaskar", "kolumbien", "venezuela", "ecuador", "peru", "guatemala", "dominikanisch" ], "fact": "Für mehr als die Hälfte der Menschheit ist Reis das wichtigste Grundnahrungsmittel." }, "reisnudeln": { "nm": "Reisnudeln", "ic": "🍜", "producers": { "china": { "t": null, "note": "Aus chinesischem Reis traditionell hergestellt" }, "thailand": { "t": null, "note": "Pad Thai & Sen Yai" }, "vietnam": { "t": null, "note": "Phở & Bun" }, "japan": { "t": null, "note": "Bifun" }, "suedkorea": { "t": null }, "indonesien": { "t": null }, "philippinen": { "t": null, "note": "Pancit" } }, "climate_possible": [ "malaysia", "kambodscha", "myanmar", "indien", "srilanka", "bangladesch" ], "fact": "Reisnudeln sind glutenfrei — perfekt für Menschen mit Zöliakie." }, "hartweizen": { "nm": "Hartweizen (Durum)", "ic": "🌾", "producers": { "kanada": { "t": 5400000, "share": "~25 %", "note": "Größter Welt-Exporteur" }, "italien": { "t": 4200000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent", "market": "eu" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 3300000, "market": "world-far" }, "usa": { "t": 2800000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 1800000, "market": "eu" }, "algerien": { "t": 1700000, "market": "local" }, "syrien": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 800000 }, "griechenland": { "t": 700000 }, "marokko": { "t": 900000, "market": "local" }, "tunesien": { "t": 500000, "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 300000, "market": "local" }, "australien": { "t": 500000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "ungarn", "rumaenien", "ukraine", "russland", "argentinien", "iran", "aegypten" ], "fact": "Hartweizen (Durum) ist besonders eiweißreich — darum hält Pasta beim Kochen ihre Form." }, "mehl": { "nm": "Mehl (Weichweizen)", "ic": "🌾", "producers": { "china": { "t": 137000000, "share": "~17 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 110000000, "market": "local" }, "russland": { "t": 92000000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 50000000, "market": "world-far" }, "kanada": { "t": 35000000, "market": "world-far" }, "ukraine": { "t": 25000000, "market": "world-far" }, "frankreich": { "t": 35000000, "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 21000000, "market": "eu" }, "pakistan": { "t": 27000000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 20000000, "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 20000000, "market": "local" }, "australien": { "t": 36000000, "market": "world-far" }, "polen": { "t": 12000000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 10000000 }, "ungarn": { "t": 5000000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 7000000 }, "italien": { "t": 3000000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 1500000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "iran", "belarus", "tschechien", "aegypten", "marokko", "syrien", "bulgarien", "serbien" ], "fact": "Weizen wird auf der größten Ackerfläche der Welt angebaut — mehr als 220 Mio Hektar." }, "mais": { "nm": "Mais (Tortilla, Polenta)", "ic": "🌽", "producers": { "usa": { "t": 350000000, "share": "~32 %", "note": "Corn Belt: Iowa, Illinois" }, "china": { "t": 280000000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 130000000, "market": "world-far" }, "argentinien": { "t": 60000000, "market": "world-far" }, "indien": { "t": 35000000, "market": "local" }, "ukraine": { "t": 30000000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 27000000, "market": "local" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 12000000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 13000000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 7000000, "market": "eu" }, "serbien": { "t": 7000000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 6000000, "market": "world-far" }, "italien": { "t": 6000000, "market": "eu" }, "kanada": { "t": 14000000, "market": "world-far" }, "paraguay": { "t": 5000000, "market": "world-far" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 2300000, "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 4000000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 8000000, "market": "eu" }, "aethiopien": { "t": 10000000, "market": "local" }, "nigeria": { "t": 12000000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kroatien", "bulgarien", "slowakei", "spanien", "peru", "kolumbien", "guatemala", "tansania", "sudan" ], "fact": "Mais ist mengenmäßig das meistangebaute Getreide der Welt — noch vor Weizen und Reis." }, "mandeln": { "nm": "Mandeln", "ic": "🌰", "producers": { "usa": { "t": 1200000, "share": "~78 %", "note": "Kalifornien (Central Valley)" }, "spanien": { "t": 340000 }, "australien": { "t": 140000 }, "iran": { "t": 130000, "market": "local" }, "marokko": { "t": 130000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 100000 }, "italien": { "t": 80000, "note": "Sizilien, Apulien", "market": "eu" }, "syrien": { "t": 60000, "market": "local" }, "algerien": { "t": 60000, "market": "local" }, "tunesien": { "t": 60000, "market": "local" }, "griechenland": { "t": 40000 }, "portugal": { "t": 25000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "frankreich", "kroatien", "israel", "aegypten", "argentinien", "chile", "suedafrika" ], "fact": "Mandelbäume brauchen Bienen zur Bestäubung — in Kalifornien werden dafür Milliarden Bienen herangekarrt." }, "erdnuss": { "nm": "Erdnüsse", "ic": "🥜", "producers": { "china": { "t": 18000000, "share": "~38 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 7000000, "market": "local" }, "nigeria": { "t": 4500000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 3000000 }, "sudan": { "t": 2800000, "market": "local" }, "senegal": { "t": 1700000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 850000, "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 1000000 }, "aethiopien": { "t": 200000, "market": "local" }, "tansania": { "t": 800000, "market": "world-far" }, "kamerun": { "t": 500000, "market": "world-far" }, "indonesien": { "t": 400000, "market": "world-far" }, "vietnam": { "t": 400000, "market": "world-far" }, "aegypten": { "t": 200000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "mexiko", "paraguay", "bolivien", "peru", "kolumbien", "thailand", "philippinen", "pakistan", "ghana", "uganda", "kenia" ], "fact": "Botanisch sind Erdnüsse keine Nüsse, sondern Hülsenfrüchte — verwandt mit Erbsen und Bohnen." }, "kichererbsen": { "nm": "Kichererbsen", "ic": "🟤", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 13700000, "share": "~67 %" }, "australien": { "t": 930000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 580000 }, "myanmar": { "t": 550000, "market": "local" }, "aethiopien": { "t": 530000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 270000, "market": "local" }, "russland": { "t": 270000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 270000, "market": "world-far" }, "mexiko": { "t": 240000, "market": "local" }, "iran": { "t": 190000, "market": "local" }, "kanada": { "t": 120000 }, "spanien": { "t": 60000 }, "italien": { "t": 20000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "marokko", "tunesien", "algerien", "aegypten", "syrien", "griechenland", "bulgarien", "argentinien" ], "fact": "Aus Kichererbsen werden Hummus und Falafel gemacht — Grundnahrung im Nahen Osten." }, "soja": { "nm": "Sojabohnen", "ic": "🫘", "producers": { "brasilien": { "t": 152000000, "share": "~37 %" }, "usa": { "t": 116000000 }, "argentinien": { "t": 50000000 }, "china": { "t": 20000000, "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 12000000, "market": "local" }, "paraguay": { "t": 10000000, "market": "world-far" }, "kanada": { "t": 7000000, "market": "world-far" }, "russland": { "t": 5500000, "market": "world-far" }, "ukraine": { "t": 3500000 }, "bolivien": { "t": 3000000, "market": "local" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 240000, "note": "Marchfeld, Pannonisches Klima — wachsender Anbau", "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 1100000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 420000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 400000 }, "serbien": { "t": 540000 }, "kroatien": { "t": 270000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 230000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "mexiko", "suedafrika", "tansania", "thailand", "vietnam", "myanmar" ], "fact": "Der größte Teil der Welt-Sojaernte wird nicht gegessen, sondern als Tierfutter verwendet." }, "soja-sauce": { "nm": "Sojasauce", "ic": "🥢", "producers": { "china": { "t": null, "note": "Klassische Heimat, viele Sorten (Shengchou, Laochou)" }, "japan": { "t": null, "note": "Shoyu, Kikkoman seit 1661" }, "suedkorea": { "t": null, "note": "Ganjang, mit eigener Geschmacksprofilierung" }, "indonesien": { "t": null, "note": "Kecap Manis (süße Variante)" }, "thailand": { "t": null }, "vietnam": { "t": null }, "philippinen": { "t": null, "note": "Toyo" } }, "climate_possible": [ "malaysia", "myanmar", "kambodscha" ], "fact": "Sojasauce entsteht durch Fermentation mit dem Schimmelpilz Aspergillus oryzae — derselbe Pilz, aus dem Sake und Miso gemacht werden." }, "rohrzucker": { "nm": "Rohrzucker", "ic": "🧊", "producers": { "brasilien": { "t": 715000000, "share": "~37 %", "note": "Größter Welt-Exporteur, auch für Ethanol" }, "indien": { "t": 415000000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 110000000, "market": "local" }, "thailand": { "t": 90000000 }, "pakistan": { "t": 88000000, "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 60000000, "market": "local" }, "kolumbien": { "t": 25000000, "market": "world-far" }, "philippinen": { "t": 23000000, "market": "local" }, "indonesien": { "t": 32000000, "market": "local" }, "australien": { "t": 29000000 }, "aegypten": { "t": 16000000, "market": "local" }, "guatemala": { "t": 35000000, "market": "world-far" }, "kuba": { "t": 1500000, "note": "historisch viel mehr, heute kaum noch", "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "venezuela", "peru", "argentinien", "paraguay", "dominikanisch", "panama", "costarica", "honduras", "vietnam", "malaysia", "myanmar" ], "fact": "Aus Zuckerrohr macht Brasilien auch Biosprit (Ethanol) für Autos — ein Drittel der Ernte geht in den Tank." }, "apfel": { "nm": "Apfel", "ic": "🍎", "producers": { "china": { "t": 49000000, "share": "~52 %", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 5000000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 4900000 }, "polen": { "t": 4300000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent", "market": "eu" }, "indien": { "t": 2400000, "market": "local" }, "iran": { "t": 2300000, "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 2300000, "note": "Südtirol", "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 1500000, "market": "eu" }, "chile": { "t": 1300000, "market": "off-season" }, "russland": { "t": 1700000, "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 970000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 190000, "note": "Steiermark — größtes AT-Obstanbaugebiet", "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 180000, "note": "Mostindien (Thurgau) — wichtiger Apfel-Importeur für Westösterreich", "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 500000 }, "suedafrika": { "t": 1000000, "market": "off-season" }, "argentinien": { "t": 850000, "market": "off-season" }, "neuseeland": { "t": 570000, "market": "off-season" }, "belgien": { "t": 200000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 270000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 470000 }, "ukraine": { "t": 800000, "market": "world-far" }, "tschechien": { "t": 140000, "market": "eu" }, "slowakei": { "t": 35000, "market": "eu" }, "kroatien": { "t": 65000, "market": "eu" }, "serbien": { "t": 470000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "griechenland", "bulgarien", "belarus", "kanada", "mexiko", "japan", "suedkorea", "irland", "uk" ], "fact": "Ein heimischer Apfel reist oft nur wenige Kilometer — ganz anders als Vanille oder Kakao vom anderen Ende der Welt." }, "marille": { "nm": "Marille (Aprikose)", "ic": "🍑", "producers": { "tuerkei": { "t": 880000, "share": "~21 %", "note": "Region Malatya" }, "iran": { "t": 290000, "market": "local" }, "algerien": { "t": 290000, "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 280000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 150000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 130000, "market": "eu" }, "pakistan": { "t": 120000, "market": "local" }, "marokko": { "t": 120000 }, "oesterreich": { "t": 10000, "note": "Wachauer Marille (Herkunfts-geschützt) + Burgenland", "market": "eu" }, "syrien": { "t": 70000, "market": "local" }, "aegypten": { "t": 70000, "market": "world-far" }, "ungarn": { "t": 30000, "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 45000 }, "usa": { "t": 46000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "rumaenien", "bulgarien", "serbien", "portugal", "kroatien", "tschechien", "slowakei", "chile", "argentinien" ], "fact": "Die Wachauer Marille reift wegen des warmen Pannonischen Klimas mit kühlen Nächten besonders aromatisch." }, "kirschen": { "nm": "Kirschen", "ic": "🍒", "producers": { "tuerkei": { "t": 810000, "share": "~25 %" }, "usa": { "t": 420000, "market": "local" }, "iran": { "t": 200000, "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 100000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 90000 }, "griechenland": { "t": 90000 }, "china": { "t": 460000, "market": "local" }, "chile": { "t": 230000, "market": "off-season" }, "polen": { "t": 180000, "note": "Sauerkirschen Nr. 1 EU", "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 70000 }, "deutschland": { "t": 50000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 40000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 60000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 5000, "market": "eu" }, "syrien": { "t": 60000, "market": "local" }, "serbien": { "t": 35000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "kroatien", "bulgarien", "tschechien", "slowakei", "argentinien", "australien", "kanada" ], "fact": "Süßkirschen brauchen 700 Stunden unter 7 °C im Winter („Kältereiz\") — sonst tragen die Bäume kaum Früchte." }, "lebkuchen": { "nm": "Lebkuchen-Gewürz", "ic": "🍪", "producers": { "indonesien": { "t": null, "note": "Zimt + Muskat + Nelken" }, "srilanka": { "t": null, "note": "Ceylon-Zimt" }, "madagaskar": { "t": null, "note": "Gewürznelken" }, "guatemala": { "t": null, "note": "Kardamom" }, "indien": { "t": null, "note": "Ingwer" } }, "climate_possible": [ "vietnam", "thailand", "malaysia", "kambodscha", "tansania", "kamerun" ], "fact": "Lebkuchen-Gewürz ist eine Mischung von 5-7 Gewürzen — die jede für sich Tropen-Welthandels-Klassiker sind." }, "rosinen": { "nm": "Rosinen (getr. Trauben)", "ic": "🍇", "producers": { "tuerkei": { "t": 340000, "share": "~32 %", "note": "Sultanas aus der Ägäis-Region" }, "usa": { "t": 280000, "note": "Kalifornien (Sun-Maid)" }, "iran": { "t": 200000 }, "china": { "t": 180000, "note": "Xinjiang", "market": "local" }, "chile": { "t": 65000, "market": "off-season" }, "suedafrika": { "t": 70000, "market": "off-season" }, "griechenland": { "t": 20000, "note": "Korinthen" }, "argentinien": { "t": 35000, "market": "off-season" }, "australien": { "t": 8000, "market": "off-season" } }, "climate_possible": [ "italien", "spanien", "portugal", "frankreich", "syrien", "marokko", "algerien", "aegypten" ], "fact": "Eine Sultana (eine Rosinen-Sorte) ist eine kernlose, helle Traube — getrocknet und manchmal mit Schwefel behandelt." }, "olivenoel": { "nm": "Olivenöl", "ic": "🫒", "producers": { "spanien": { "t": 1400000, "share": "~47 %" }, "italien": { "t": 400000, "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 300000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 280000 }, "tunesien": { "t": 240000 }, "marokko": { "t": 200000 }, "portugal": { "t": 150000 }, "syrien": { "t": 130000, "market": "local" }, "algerien": { "t": 100000, "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 25000, "market": "off-season" }, "chile": { "t": 20000, "market": "off-season" }, "kroatien": { "t": 5000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "frankreich", "aegypten", "israel", "iran", "usa", "australien", "suedafrika" ], "fact": "Ein Olivenbaum kann über 1000 Jahre alt werden und trägt jedes Jahr aufs Neue Früchte." }, "milch": { "nm": "Milch / Sahne", "ic": "🥛", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 220000000, "share": "~24 % weltweit", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 100000000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 37000000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 62000000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 37000000, "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 32000000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent", "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 25000000, "market": "eu" }, "russland": { "t": 31000000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 23000000, "market": "local" }, "niederlande": { "t": 14000000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 15000000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 13000000, "market": "eu" }, "mexiko": { "t": 13000000, "market": "local" }, "argentinien": { "t": 11000000, "market": "world-far" }, "irland": { "t": 8500000 }, "daenemark": { "t": 5800000 }, "oesterreich": { "t": 3800000, "note": "Wichtigster Agrar-Sektor; ca. 80 % Hofeigentum", "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 3300000, "market": "eu" }, "belgien": { "t": 4400000, "market": "eu" }, "neuseeland": { "t": 22000000, "note": "Größter Milch-Exporteur (Fonterra)", "market": "world-far" }, "kanada": { "t": 9300000, "market": "world-far" }, "australien": { "t": 8400000, "market": "world-far" }, "spanien": { "t": 7900000 }, "uk": { "t": 15400000, "market": "world-far" }, "tschechien": { "t": 3300000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 2000000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 3500000 }, "ukraine": { "t": 8200000, "market": "world-far" }, "belarus": { "t": 7800000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "bulgarien", "griechenland", "serbien", "kroatien", "slowakei", "kolumbien", "venezuela", "chile", "peru", "iran" ], "fact": "Indien ist mit Abstand der größte Milch-Produzent — aber fast die ganze Menge bleibt im Land (Joghurt, Ghee, Tee)." }, "butter": { "nm": "Butter", "ic": "🧈", "producers": { "indien": { "t": 6500000, "share": "~30 %", "note": "meist Ghee", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 990000, "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 510000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 370000, "market": "eu" }, "russland": { "t": 260000, "market": "local" }, "china": { "t": 130000, "market": "local" }, "irland": { "t": 250000, "note": "Kerrygold — größter Weidemilch-Butter-Exporteur" }, "neuseeland": { "t": 450000, "market": "world-far" }, "polen": { "t": 220000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 180000, "market": "eu" }, "daenemark": { "t": 45000, "note": "Lurpak" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 40000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 85000, "market": "eu" }, "mexiko": { "t": 240000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 450000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 95000, "market": "local" }, "uk": { "t": 150000, "market": "world-far" }, "belgien": { "t": 95000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "schweiz", "tschechien", "ungarn", "argentinien", "australien", "kanada", "ukraine", "belarus" ], "fact": "Irische Butter ist oft gelber als deutsche — weil die Kühe das ganze Jahr auf der Weide stehen und mehr Beta-Carotin aufnehmen." }, "feta": { "nm": "Feta (Käse)", "ic": "🧀", "producers": { "griechenland": { "t": 140000, "share": "~85 % des ECHTEN Feta", "note": "PDO-geschützt seit 2002 — nur GR-Feta darf so heißen" }, "bulgarien": { "t": 35000, "note": "Bulgarian White Brined Cheese — sehr ähnlich, darf aber nicht „Feta\" heißen" }, "daenemark": { "t": 18000, "note": "Salakis-Stil, Marktname „Feta-Stil\"" }, "frankreich": { "t": 10000, "note": "Feta-ähnlich aus Schafmilch", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tuerkei", "rumaenien", "serbien", "italien", "spanien" ], "fact": "Echter Feta ist seit 2002 EU-rechtlich Griechenland vorbehalten — andere Länder dürfen nur „Käse nach griechischer Art\" verkaufen." }, "mozzarella": { "nm": "Mozzarella", "ic": "🧀", "producers": { "italien": { "t": 270000, "share": "~Welt-Nr. 1", "note": "Mozzarella di Bufala Campana (PDO) aus Büffelmilch", "market": "eu" }, "usa": { "t": 1500000, "note": "Größter Volumen-Produzent (für Pizza-Industrie), aber Kuhmilch-Standard", "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 250000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 60000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 40000 }, "argentinien": { "t": 35000, "market": "local" }, "polen": { "t": 35000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "niederlande", "irland", "daenemark", "oesterreich", "schweiz", "belgien", "griechenland" ], "fact": "Echter Büffel-Mozzarella muss am selben Tag gegessen werden — er hält nur 24 Stunden frisch." }, "pecorino": { "nm": "Pecorino (Käse)", "ic": "🧀", "producers": { "italien": { "t": 50000, "share": "~95 %", "note": "4 PDO-Sorten: Romano, Sardo, Toscano, Siciliano", "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 500, "note": "Ähnliche Schafkäse (Tomme de Brebis)", "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 6000, "note": "Kefalotyri — eigenständig, ähnlicher Stil" } }, "climate_possible": [ "spanien", "portugal", "tuerkei", "oesterreich", "schweiz", "rumaenien" ], "fact": "Echter Pecorino ist aus Schafmilch (pecora = Schaf). Pecorino Romano wird seit 2000 Jahren gemacht — schon die Römer aßen ihn." }, "topfen": { "nm": "Topfen / Quark", "ic": "🥛", "producers": { "deutschland": { "t": 800000, "share": "Welt-Nr. 1", "note": "Quark als Brot-Aufstrich + Backware", "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 380000, "note": "Twaróg", "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 80000, "note": "Topfen — typisch für Strudel, Knödel", "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 45000, "note": "Schweizer Quark — kommt auch nach AT (Migros/Coop-Marken)", "market": "eu" }, "tschechien": { "t": 60000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 90000, "note": "Fromage blanc", "market": "eu" }, "russland": { "t": 410000, "note": "Tworog", "market": "local" }, "niederlande": { "t": 60000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "ukraine", "belarus", "schweiz", "daenemark", "ungarn", "slowakei" ], "fact": "Aus 5 L Milch wird etwa 1 kg Topfen. Wichtige Eiweißquelle für Sportler:innen." }, "schmand": { "nm": "Schmand / Saure Sahne", "ic": "🥛", "producers": { "deutschland": { "t": null, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": null, "note": "Smetana", "market": "eu" }, "russland": { "t": null, "note": "Smetana — Grundlage von Borschtsch" }, "oesterreich": { "t": null, "market": "eu" }, "ukraine": { "t": null }, "frankreich": { "t": null, "note": "Crème fraîche", "market": "eu" }, "belarus": { "t": null }, "tschechien": { "t": null, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "schweiz", "niederlande", "daenemark", "ungarn", "rumaenien", "slowakei" ], "fact": "In Osteuropa ist Schmand (Smetana) Grundlage vieler Gerichte — von Stroganoff bis Pierogi." }, "fleisch": { "nm": "Fleisch (Kalb/Schwein/Rind, regional)", "ic": "🥩", "producers": { "oesterreich": { "t": 850000, "note": "Beim Wiener Schnitzel praktisch immer heimisch", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 7500000, "note": "Großer Schweinefleisch-Produzent", "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 425000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 5400000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 4200000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 7300000 }, "niederlande": { "t": 3500000, "market": "eu" }, "daenemark": { "t": 1500000 }, "polen": { "t": 4200000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 1100000, "market": "eu" }, "tschechien": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "belgien": { "t": 1700000, "market": "eu" }, "irland": { "t": 870000 }, "rumaenien": { "t": 1100000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "uk", "portugal", "griechenland", "slowakei", "bulgarien", "serbien", "kroatien", "schweden", "norwegen", "finnland", "island" ], "fact": "Bei einem traditionellen Wiener Schnitzel kommt das Kalbfleisch fast immer aus dem nahen Umfeld (AT, DE, NL)." }, "lamm": { "nm": "Lammfleisch", "ic": "🐑", "producers": { "tuerkei": { "t": 430000, "share": "6 %", "note": "Größter Schafhalter Mittelmeer-Raum, Lamm geht zu großen Teilen nach EU" }, "spanien": { "t": 150000, "share": "2 %", "note": "Cordero — kastilische Lammhaltung, exportiert auch nach AT" }, "griechenland": { "t": 80000, "share": "1 %", "note": "Klassischer Moussaka-Lammlieferant" }, "frankreich": { "t": 80000, "note": "Agneau, oft aus Pays-de-la-Loire", "market": "eu" }, "bulgarien": { "t": 30000 }, "italien": { "t": 25000, "note": "Agnello, vor allem Süditalien + Sardinien", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 15000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 7000, "note": "Kleine, aber wachsende Alpschafhaltung", "market": "eu" }, "uk": { "t": 280000, "share": "4 %", "note": "Walisisches Lamm — geht überwiegend in den UK-Markt" }, "australien": { "t": 750000, "share": "10 %" }, "neuseeland": { "t": 470000, "share": "6 %" }, "china": { "t": 2400000, "share": "~30 %", "note": "Weltgrößter Schafhalter — bleibt im Land" }, "indien": { "t": 1000000, "share": "13 %" }, "pakistan": { "t": 440000 }, "algerien": { "t": 340000 }, "sudan": { "t": 300000 }, "iran": { "t": 370000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "rumaenien", "ukraine", "marokko", "tunesien", "argentinien", "suedafrika", "irland", "island", "aegypten", "syrien" ], "fact": "Moussaka, Kebab und nordafrikanische Tagines werden klassisch mit Lammfleisch zubereitet — in Österreich kommt das meiste Lamm aus der Türkei, Spanien und Griechenland." }, "huhn-spanien": { "nm": "Hähnchen / Huhn (Paella)", "ic": "🐔", "producers": { "spanien": { "t": 1600000, "note": "Drittgrößter Geflügelproduzent der EU" }, "frankreich": { "t": 1900000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 1400000, "market": "eu" }, "portugal": { "t": 300000 }, "griechenland": { "t": 220000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 2500000 }, "marokko": { "t": 800000, "market": "world-far" }, "aegypten": { "t": 1300000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kroatien", "tunesien", "algerien", "iran", "israel" ], "fact": "In einer echten Paella Valenciana kommen Huhn UND Kaninchen rein — beides aus spanischer Landwirtschaft." }, "rind-ungarn": { "nm": "Rind (für Gulasch)", "ic": "🥩", "producers": { "ungarn": { "t": 35000, "note": "Ungarisches Grauvieh — eigene historische Rasse", "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 220000, "note": "Größter Lieferant für Wiener Gasthäuser", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 1100000, "market": "eu" }, "tschechien": { "t": 64000, "market": "eu" }, "slowakei": { "t": 35000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 37000 }, "polen": { "t": 580000, "market": "eu" }, "serbien": { "t": 75000 }, "kroatien": { "t": 35000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "italien", "frankreich", "schweiz", "bulgarien" ], "fact": "Das Wort Gulasch kommt vom ungarischen *gulyás* = Rinderhirte. Auf der Puszta kochten die Hirten den Eintopf über offenem Feuer." }, "speck": { "nm": "Speck (Pancetta/Tiroler)", "ic": "🥓", "producers": { "italien": { "t": 280000, "note": "Pancetta + Guanciale + Speck Alto Adige (PDO)", "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 80000, "note": "Tiroler Speck, PDO seit 1996", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 750000, "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 40000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 320000, "note": "Lardons, Bacon-Stil", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 380000, "note": "Panceta + Tocino" }, "polen": { "t": 420000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 120000, "note": "Szalonna", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "rumaenien", "kroatien", "serbien", "slowakei", "tschechien", "portugal", "belgien", "niederlande" ], "fact": "Echter Tiroler Speck (PDO) muss mindestens 22 Wochen luftgetrocknet und über Buchenholz geräuchert werden." }, "speck-lorraine": { "nm": "Lardons (für Quiche)", "ic": "🥓", "producers": { "frankreich": { "t": 800000, "note": "Lardons sind die klassische FR-Würfelspeck-Form", "market": "eu" }, "belgien": { "t": 60000, "market": "eu" }, "luxemburg": { "t": 5000, "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 40000, "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "italien", "deutschland", "oesterreich", "spanien", "niederlande" ], "fact": "Die Quiche Lorraine stammt aus Lothringen. Wichtig: das Original hat WEDER Käse NOCH Zwiebel — nur Lardons, Eier und Sahne." }, "eier": { "nm": "Eier", "ic": "🥚", "producers": { "china": { "t": 30000000, "share": "~40 %", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 6700000, "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 6500000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 3500000, "market": "local" }, "mexiko": { "t": 3000000, "market": "local" }, "japan": { "t": 2700000, "market": "local" }, "russland": { "t": 2700000, "market": "local" }, "indonesien": { "t": 5800000, "market": "local" }, "frankreich": { "t": 930000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 930000 }, "deutschland": { "t": 860000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 790000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 140000, "note": "AT-Eier-Versorgung zu ~88 % aus AT (Eier-Kennzeichnung AT-0/AT-1/AT-2)", "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 65000, "note": "CH-Eier fast nur für Schweizer Markt; ein Teil kommt aber auch nach AT", "market": "eu" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 1200000, "market": "local" }, "iran": { "t": 1200000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kanada", "argentinien", "chile", "aegypten", "ukraine", "belarus", "tschechien", "ungarn", "rumaenien", "griechenland", "portugal", "pakistan", "thailand", "philippinen", "kenia" ], "fact": "Eier können prinzipiell überall produziert werden — Hühner sind extrem anpassungsfähig. Die meisten Eier in Europa werden lokal gegessen." }, "fischsauce": { "nm": "Fischsauce", "ic": "🐟", "producers": { "vietnam": { "t": null, "note": "Nước mắm Phú Quốc — PDO-geschützt" }, "thailand": { "t": null, "note": "Nam pla — größter Welt-Exporteur" }, "philippinen": { "t": null, "note": "Patis", "market": "world-far" }, "kambodscha": { "t": null, "note": "Teuk trei", "market": "world-far" }, "myanmar": { "t": null, "note": "Ngan-pya-ye", "market": "local" }, "suedkorea": { "t": null, "note": "Aekjeot — für Kimchi-Würze", "market": "world-far" }, "china": { "t": null, "note": "Yú lù", "market": "world-far" }, "japan": { "t": null, "note": "Ishiru, Shottsuru — regional, sehr selten", "market": "world-far" }, "italien": { "t": null, "note": "Colatura di Alici — antike römische Tradition (garum)", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "indonesien", "malaysia", "srilanka", "bangladesch" ], "fact": "Schon die alten Römer machten Fischsauce („Garum\") — die heutige italienische Colatura di Alici ist deren direkter Nachfahre." }, "nori": { "nm": "Nori (Seetang)", "ic": "🟢", "producers": { "china": { "t": 22000000, "share": "~58 % aller Welt-Algen" }, "indonesien": { "t": 10000000, "market": "world-far" }, "philippinen": { "t": 1400000, "market": "world-far" }, "suedkorea": { "t": 600000, "note": "Spezialisiert auf Nori-Blätter" }, "japan": { "t": 350000, "note": "Klassische Nori-Heimat" }, "malaysia": { "t": 200000, "market": "world-far" }, "vietnam": { "t": 100000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "thailand", "srilanka", "irland", "norwegen", "island", "chile", "peru", "kenia", "tansania", "madagaskar" ], "fact": "Nori wird auf Netzen im flachen Küstenwasser „angebaut\" und wie Gemüse geerntet." }, "wasabi": { "nm": "Wasabi (echt)", "ic": "🟢", "producers": { "japan": { "t": 2000, "share": "~75 %", "note": "Shizuoka — bevorzugt klares Bergwasser" }, "china": { "t": 400, "market": "local" }, "suedkorea": { "t": 200, "market": "local" }, "neuseeland": { "t": 150, "note": "Bio-Pioniere für nicht-japanisches Wasabi", "market": "world-far" }, "usa": { "t": 90, "note": "Oregon, Washington — kühles Bergklima", "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "kanada", "uk", "irland", "norwegen", "schweden", "finnland", "island", "oesterreich", "schweiz" ], "fact": "Echter Wasabi ist extrem selten und teuer — in den meisten Sushi-Restaurants wird Meerrettich mit grüner Farbe als Ersatz verwendet." }, "tomaten": { "nm": "Tomaten", "ic": "🍅", "producers": { "china": { "t": 67000000, "share": "~36 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 20000000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 13000000 }, "usa": { "t": 11000000, "note": "Kalifornien", "market": "local" }, "aegypten": { "t": 7000000, "market": "local" }, "italien": { "t": 6700000, "note": "San Marzano, Datterino", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 4900000, "note": "Almería — riesige Gewächshäuser" }, "mexiko": { "t": 4500000, "market": "asia-only" }, "iran": { "t": 6300000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 3700000, "market": "local" }, "portugal": { "t": 1700000 }, "marokko": { "t": 1500000 }, "griechenland": { "t": 800000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 500000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 910000, "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": 100000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 65000, "note": "Gewächshaus, Saisonal", "market": "eu" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tunesien", "algerien", "israel", "syrien", "pakistan", "bangladesch", "argentinien", "chile", "suedafrika", "australien" ], "fact": "Die berühmten Pizza- und Pastasaucen kommen meist aus süditalienischen Tomaten, etwa aus der Gegend um Neapel." }, "gemuese": { "nm": "Sommer-Gemüse (Mittelmeer)", "ic": "🥬", "producers": { "spanien": { "t": 13000000, "note": "Größter EU-Frischgemüse-Exporteur" }, "italien": { "t": 10000000, "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 3500000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 5500000, "market": "eu" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 32000000 }, "marokko": { "t": 4000000 }, "portugal": { "t": 2400000 }, "niederlande": { "t": 5100000, "market": "eu" }, "aegypten": { "t": 15000000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "kroatien", "serbien", "bulgarien", "rumaenien", "ungarn", "tunesien", "algerien", "israel", "mexiko" ], "fact": "Im Winter kommt das Gemüse aus beheizten Gewächshäusern in Almería (ES) — ein 350 km² großer Plastikgewächshaus-Komplex, sichtbar aus dem Weltall." }, "wurzelgemuese": { "nm": "Wurzelgemüse (Möhre, Sellerie, Pastinake)", "ic": "🥕", "producers": { "china": { "t": 18000000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 1300000, "market": "local" }, "russland": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "ukraine": { "t": 830000, "market": "local" }, "uk": { "t": 720000, "market": "world-far" }, "deutschland": { "t": 680000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 430000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 570000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 600000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 470000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 320000 }, "oesterreich": { "t": 130000, "market": "eu" }, "belarus": { "t": 410000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tschechien", "ungarn", "rumaenien", "bulgarien", "irland", "belgien", "daenemark", "kanada" ], "fact": "Möhren sind erst im 17. Jahrhundert orange geworden — vorher waren sie weiß, gelb oder violett." }, "kartoffel": { "nm": "Kartoffel", "ic": "🥔", "producers": { "china": { "t": 95000000, "share": "~24 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 60000000, "market": "local" }, "ukraine": { "t": 21000000, "market": "world-far" }, "russland": { "t": 18000000, "market": "world-far" }, "usa": { "t": 19000000, "market": "world-far" }, "deutschland": { "t": 11000000, "market": "eu" }, "bangladesch": { "t": 10000000, "market": "local" }, "polen": { "t": 7000000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 9000000, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 7000000, "market": "eu" }, "belarus": { "t": 5800000, "note": "Pro-Kopf-Verzehr Nr. 1 weltweit", "market": "world-far" }, "belgien": { "t": 4500000, "market": "eu" }, "iran": { "t": 5100000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 4900000, "market": "world-far" }, "kanada": { "t": 5500000, "market": "world-far" }, "pakistan": { "t": 5700000, "market": "local" }, "aegypten": { "t": 6500000, "market": "local" }, "peru": { "t": 5800000, "note": "Ursprungsland der Kartoffel — über 4.000 Sorten in den Anden", "market": "local" }, "bolivien": { "t": 1200000, "market": "world-far" }, "tschechien": { "t": 700000, "market": "eu" }, "rumaenien": { "t": 2700000 }, "ungarn": { "t": 600000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 870000, "note": "Waldviertel", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 2000000 }, "italien": { "t": 1400000, "market": "eu" }, "mexiko": { "t": 1900000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 3700000, "market": "local" }, "irland": { "t": 330000 } }, "climate_possible": [ "schweiz", "daenemark", "schweden", "finnland", "island", "norwegen", "slowakei", "kroatien", "serbien", "bulgarien", "portugal", "argentinien", "chile", "kolumbien" ], "fact": "Die Kartoffel kommt ursprünglich aus den Anden und wurde erst nach 1565 nach Europa gebracht. In Belarus isst eine Person ~180 kg pro Jahr — Welt-Spitze." }, "zwiebel": { "nm": "Zwiebel", "ic": "🧅", "producers": { "china": { "t": 24000000, "share": "~25 %", "market": "local" }, "indien": { "t": 27000000, "market": "local" }, "aegypten": { "t": 3300000, "note": "Drittgrößter Welt-Produzent, viel Export", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 2700000, "market": "local" }, "tuerkei": { "t": 2400000 }, "iran": { "t": 2400000, "market": "local" }, "pakistan": { "t": 2200000, "market": "local" }, "niederlande": { "t": 1800000, "note": "Größter EU-Exporteur", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 1300000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 1500000, "market": "local" }, "russland": { "t": 2000000, "market": "local" }, "brasilien": { "t": 1700000, "market": "local" }, "deutschland": { "t": 650000, "market": "eu" }, "polen": { "t": 720000, "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 180000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 450000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 480000, "market": "eu" }, "ukraine": { "t": 900000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "marokko", "algerien", "tunesien", "sudan", "aethiopien", "kenia", "tansania", "argentinien", "kanada", "australien", "chile" ], "fact": "Die Zwiebel ist eines der ältesten Gemüse — schon im alten Ägypten (vor 5000 Jahren) wurde sie verehrt und in Pyramiden mitgegeben." }, "knoblauch": { "nm": "Knoblauch", "ic": "🧄", "producers": { "china": { "t": 23000000, "share": "~73 %" }, "indien": { "t": 3300000, "market": "local" }, "aegypten": { "t": 320000, "market": "local" }, "suedkorea": { "t": 270000, "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 210000, "note": "Kalifornien (Gilroy)", "market": "world-far" }, "russland": { "t": 270000, "market": "local" }, "spanien": { "t": 270000 }, "argentinien": { "t": 140000 }, "mexiko": { "t": 90000, "market": "world-far" }, "italien": { "t": 25000, "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": 20000, "note": "Lautrec-Knoblauch (Rosé) — PGI", "market": "eu" }, "griechenland": { "t": 8000 }, "tuerkei": { "t": 140000 }, "iran": { "t": 73000, "market": "local" } }, "climate_possible": [ "marokko", "tunesien", "algerien", "syrien", "portugal", "kroatien", "rumaenien", "bulgarien", "ungarn", "oesterreich", "deutschland", "polen", "peru", "chile", "thailand" ], "fact": "China produziert fast 3 von 4 Knoblauchknollen weltweit. Allein die Region Shandong baut mehr Knoblauch an als der Rest der Welt zusammen." }, "champignons": { "nm": "Champignons", "ic": "🍄", "producers": { "china": { "t": 8200000, "share": "~76 % aller Speisepilze", "market": "local" }, "usa": { "t": 390000, "market": "local" }, "polen": { "t": 370000, "note": "Größter EU-Produzent", "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": 300000, "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": 170000 }, "frankreich": { "t": 100000, "market": "eu" }, "kanada": { "t": 130000, "market": "world-far" }, "irland": { "t": 75000 }, "deutschland": { "t": 85000, "market": "eu" }, "belgien": { "t": 45000, "market": "eu" }, "italien": { "t": 75000, "market": "eu" }, "ungarn": { "t": 23000, "market": "eu" }, "uk": { "t": 100000, "market": "world-far" }, "oesterreich": { "t": 23000, "market": "eu" }, "schweiz": { "t": 7000, "market": "eu" }, "australien": { "t": 90000, "market": "world-far" }, "japan": { "t": 65000, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "tschechien", "slowakei", "kroatien", "rumaenien", "bulgarien", "portugal", "griechenland" ], "fact": "Champignons brauchen kein Tageslicht — sie wachsen in dunklen Hallen auf Stroh-Mist-Kompost." }, "hefe": { "nm": "Hefe", "ic": "🫧", "producers": { "frankreich": { "t": null, "note": "Lesaffre — Weltmarktführer", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": null, "note": "Klein-Hefe seit 1885 (Wiener Methode entstand hier)", "market": "eu" }, "oesterreich": { "t": null, "note": "Wiener Hefe-Methode (Mautner Markhof, 1846)", "market": "eu" }, "usa": { "t": null, "market": "world-far" }, "belgien": { "t": null, "market": "eu" }, "niederlande": { "t": null, "market": "eu" }, "china": { "t": null, "market": "world-far" }, "tuerkei": { "t": null, "market": "world-far" } }, "climate_possible": [ "italien", "spanien", "uk", "irland", "polen", "tschechien" ], "fact": "Die moderne Bäcker-Backhefe wurde 1846 in Wien als „Wiener Verfahren\" entwickelt — bis dahin nutzte man Brauerei-Hefe als Abfall." }, "essig": { "nm": "Essig (Wein- / Apfelessig)", "ic": "🧪", "producers": { "italien": { "t": null, "note": "Aceto Balsamico di Modena (PDO)", "market": "eu" }, "deutschland": { "t": null, "note": "Apfelessig + Weinessig", "market": "eu" }, "frankreich": { "t": null, "note": "Vinaigre de Vin (Orléans), Vinaigre de Cidre", "market": "eu" }, "spanien": { "t": null, "note": "Sherry-Essig (Jerez)" }, "china": { "t": null, "note": "Reisessig (Zhenjiang)" }, "japan": { "t": null, "note": "Reisessig (für Sushi)" }, "oesterreich": { "t": null, "note": "Gegenbauer (Wien) — international preisgekrönt", "market": "eu" }, "usa": { "t": null, "note": "Apple Cider Vinegar" } }, "climate_possible": [ "portugal", "griechenland", "tuerkei", "schweiz", "belgien", "niederlande", "polen", "ungarn" ], "fact": "Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena reift mindestens 12 Jahre in Holzfässern — eine kleine Flasche kann über 100 € kosten." } }